Dysbiosis is increasingly seen as a trigger for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) playing a key role in intestinal homeostasis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) supports ILC3 development and IL-22-mediated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production, enhancing colonization resistance. This review examined the potential of AhR activation in gut ILC3s to reduce SLE pathology linked to dysbiosis and explored nutritional AhR ligands as pathogen resistance enhancers. Preclinical data suggest AhR modulation optimizes pathogen resistance via IL-22-derived AMPs, though further validation in SLE is needed.
Evidence highlights the anti-inflammatory potential of dietary AhR ligands as therapeutic interventions for SLE. While some preclinical studies indicate AhR modulation benefits systemic immune balance, human data remain limited. Xenobiotic-origin ligands show mixed effects, with some disrupting the Th17 to Treg balance. Although the link between AhR-modulated ILC3s and improved SLE outcomes requires further study, dietary AhR ligands show promise in reducing inflammation and addressing lupus-related dysbiosis.
Reference: Hanlon N, Gillan N, Neil J, et al. The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in modulating intestinal ILC3s to optimise gut pathogen resistance in lupus and benefits of nutritional AhR ligands. Clin Nutr. 2024 Jun;43(6):1199-1215. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.008. Epub 2024 Apr 8. PMID: 38631087.
