Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) like Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are influenced by genetics, environment, and diet. Western diets—high in processed foods, fats, and low in fiber—contribute to gut microbiome disruptions that promote inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in vegetables, fruits, healthy fats, and low in red meat, has shown benefits in reducing inflammation and improving gut health. Research indicates that the MD enhances microbial diversity, increases beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and may reduce inflammation-related gene expression, though its specific impact on IBD patients remains uncertain.
A study of CD patients in Greece found that those in remission had better adherence to the MD and higher intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. Additionally, adherence to the MD was correlated with improved quality of life (QoL) and reduced disease activity. These findings align with other studies showing that patients following the MD experience fewer flare-ups and better disease management. Future research should explore personalized MD interventions in IBD care to assess its full potential in reducing disease activity.
Reference: Migdanis A, Migdanis I, Gkogkou ND, et al. The Relationship of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Crohn’s Disease Patients. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Jul 8;60(7):1106. doi: 10.3390/medicina60071106. PMID: 39064535; PMCID: PMC11279084.
