A review commissioned by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) provides expert recommendations on the role of diet and nutrition in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats, is recommended for overall well-being, though no specific diet consistently prevents flares in adults with IBD. Patients with strictures may need to modify the texture of fibrous foods, while exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is advised to induce remission, especially in children with CD. For preoperative patients with CD, EEN can improve nutritional status and reduce postoperative complications.
In cases where the gut is compromised, parenteral nutrition (PN) may be necessary, especially for those with malnutrition or short bowel syndrome (SBS). Regular monitoring for nutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin D, iron, and B12, is essential. The review emphasizes collaboration between gastroenterologists and registered dietitians (RDs) to tailor nutritional strategies and improve patient outcomes. It also highlights the importance of breastfeeding in reducing IBD risk and advises limiting ultra-processed foods, which are associated with disease severity.
Reference: Hashash JG, Elkins J, Lewis JD, et al. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diet and Nutritional Therapies in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review. Gastroenterology. 2024 Mar;166(3):521-532. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.303. Epub 2024 Jan 23. PMID: 38276922.
