Researchers investigated hepatic encephalopathy (HE)—the understanding and diagnosis of which, despite its significance, remain unclear, resulting in frequent underdiagnosis. Classical precipitating factors include hyponatremia and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. Treatment options primarily encompass non-absorbable disaccharides and rifaximin. A neurological assessment is crucial before considering liver transplantation. Researchers also highlight controversies in the field, such as diagnosing HE in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and choosing between single and combination therapy for overt HE. The present guidelines are intended to complement existing international guidelines and are focused on addressing practical clinical issues in the management of HE.
Reference: Thabut D, Bouzbib C, Meunier L, et al. Diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy: The French recommendations. Liver Int. 2023 Apr;43(4):750-762. doi: 10.1111/liv.15510. Epub 2023 Jan 24. PMID: 36625084.
